Acronyms & Abbreviations: A - J

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A
A	ampere
A	angstrom
A/D	analog to digital
AAC	Advanced Audio Coding
AAC	Advanced Audio Compression
AAIC	active addressing integrated circuit
AAL	ATM Adaptation Layer
AAL2	ATM Adaptation Layer 2
ABEL	Advanced Boolean Equation Language
ABI	application binary interface
ABT	advanced BiCMOS technology
ABTE	Advanced BiCMOS Technology/Enhanced logic
ABTH	Advanced BiCMOS Technology logic with Bus-Hold
AC	Advanced CMOS logic
ac	alternating current
ACATS	Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service (standard)
ACF	auto-correlation function
ACK	acknowledge
ACM	Association for Computing Machinery
ACPI	Advanced Configuration and Power Interface [spec]
ACR SIG	Advanced Communications Riser Special Interest Group
ACT	Advanced CMOS logic with TTL-compatible inputs
ADC	analog-to-digital converter
ADDSP	application-specific digital signal processor
ADM	add/drop multiplexer
ADPCM	adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
ADSL	asynchronous/asymmetrical digital-subscriber loop line
AEA	American Electronic Association (Washington, DC)
AEA	American Engineering Association
AEEC	Airline Electronic Engineering Committee (part of ARINC)
AES	Advanced Encription Standard
AF	audio frequency
AFC	audio-frequency control
AFC	automatic frequency control
AFE	Analog front end
AGC	automatic gain control
AGP	accelerated graphics port
AHDL	analog hardware-description language (software)
Ahr	ampere-hour
Ahr	ampere hour
AI	artificial intelligence
AIN	advanced intelligent network (telecommunications)
ALF	advanced library format
ALGOL	algorithmic language
ALN	adaptive-logic network (neural)
ALU	arithmetic-logic unit
AM	active matrix (liquid-crystal display)
AM	amplitude modulation
AMBA	Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture
AMEL	active-matrix electroluminescence
AMLCD	active-matrix liquid-crystal display
AMPS	Advanced Mobile Phone Service (worldwide standard)
AN	Access Network
ANSI	American National Standards Institute (New York)
AP	arithmetic processor
APD	Avalanche photodiode
API	application-programming interface
APM	advanced power management
AQL	acceptable quality level
ARIB	Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
ARINC	Aeronautical Radio Inc (airline consortium)
ARO	after receipt of order
ARPA	Advanced Research Projects Agency (US government)
ASCII	American National Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASIC	application-specific integrated circuit
ASME	American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASPI	advanced SCSI programming interface
ASR	automatic speech recognition
ASSP	application-specific standard product
ASTM	American Society for Testing and Materials
At	ampere turn
ATA	ATbus-attachment (mobile version of IDE)
ATAPI	AT Attachment Packet Interface (IDE standard)
ATE	automatic test equipment
ATELP	adaptive-transform-excited-linear prediction
ATG	automatic test generation
ATM	asynchronous transfer mode (communications)
ATPG	automatic test-program/pattern generation
ATRAC	adaptive-transform acoustic coding
ATSC	Advanced Television Systems Committee
ATV	advanced television (high-definition television)
avg	average
AVI	advanced vehicle identification
AVI	Analog VHDL International (standards group)
AWG	American wire gauge (standard)
AWG	arbitrary-waveform generator
AWG	array waveguide grading
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B
B	bel
B-CDMA	broadband code division multiple access (communications)
B8ZS	bipolar eight zero substitution
BALUN	balanced-to-unbalanced
Basic	beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction code (software)
BAW	bulk acoustic wave (HF device)
BBS	bulletin board system (software)
BBT	bit-block transfer
BC	backward compatible (coding)
BCCH	broadcast control channel
BCD	binary-coded decimal
BDD	binary decision diagram
BECN	Backward Explicit Congestion Notification
BEI	back-scattered electron imaging
BER	bit error rate
BERT	bit error rate/ratio test
BFSK	binary frequency-shift keying
BFSL	best-fit straight line (error measurement)
BGA	ball-grid array (packaging)
BiCMOS	bipolar complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
BIOS	basic input/output system (computer)
BIP	bit-interleaved parity (communications)
BIST	built-in self-test
Bit-BLT	bit-block line transfer
BITE	built-in test equipment
BIU	bus-interface unit
BJT	bipolar junction transistor
BLAS	basic linear-algebra subprogram (software)
BLIP	background-limited infrared photodetector
BLOB	binary large object
BLT	block transfer
BMC	Baseboard Management Controller
BMP	bit-mapped (graphics file format)
BMU	bit-manipulation unit
BMV	Bundesministerium fur Verkehr (German Ministry of Transportation)
BNC	baby n connector
BOM	Bill of Materials
BOOTP	Bootstrap Protocol (Internet)
BORSCHT	battery-feed, overvoltage, ringing, supervision, coding, hybrid and test (functions of all-inclusive telecommunications device)
BPF	band-pass filter
BPSK	binary phase-shift keying
BPU	boundary-processing unit
BPV	bipolar violation
BSAC	bit-sliced arithmetic coding
BSC	bisynchronous communication
BSDL	boundary-scan description language (software)
BSI	British Standards Institution
BSS	broadcast satellite service (DBS)
BSS	basic service set (communications)
BTL	backplane transceiver logic
BTU	British thermal unit
BWA	broadband wireless access
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C
C	Celsius
CA	certificate authority
CAC	Connnection address control
CAD	computer-aided design
CAE	computer-aided engineering
CAGR	compound annual growth rate
CAI	Common Air Interface (European)
CAIBE	chemically assisted ion-beam etch
CAM	content-addressable memory
CAM	computer-aided manufacturing
CAMAC	computer-aided measurement and control
CAN	controller-area network
CAP	competitive access provider (vs RBOC)
CART	classification and regression tree (neural network)
CASCADE	Chip Architecture for Smart Cards and (Portable Intelligent) Devices
CASE	computer-aided software engineering
CAT	computer-aided test
CAT	computerized axial tomography (medical diagnostics)
CATV	community antenna TV
CB	complementary bipolar (IC)
CBEMA	Computer & Business Equipment Manufacturers Association
CBGA	ceramic ball-grid array (IC)
CBIC	complementary bipolar integrated circuit
CBR	constant bit rate
CC/VL	constant current, voltage limited (power supply)
CCC	ceramic chip carrier
CCD	charge-coupled device
CCF	cross-correlation function
CCFT	cold-cathode fluorescent tube
CCGA	ceramic column grid array (IC)
CCIR	Consultative Committee, International Radio (see ITU)
CCITT	Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph
CCN	Center for Civic Networking (on Internet)
CCPCH	Common control physical channel
CCS	common channel signaling (telecommunications)
CCTV	closed-circuit TV
CCW	counterclockwise
CD	collision detection
cd	candela
cd/ft²	candelas per square foot
cd/m2²	candelas per square meter
CDF	cumulative distribution function
CDI	compact-disk interactive
CDMA	code division multiple access (digital communications standard)
CDPD	Cellular Digital Packet Data (Consortium standard)
CD-R	CD-recordable
CDR	clock and data recovery
CDRAM	cache dynamic random-access memory
CEG	Consumer Electronics Group (of EIA)
CELP	code-excited linear prediction (speech coding)
CEPS	color electronic prepress system (DTP)
CERMET	ceramic metal (element)
CFAR	constant false-alarm rate (radar)
CFB	configurable function block
CFC	chlorofluorocarbon
CFC	current-to-frequency converter
CFI	CAD Framework Initiative (standard)
cfm	cubic feet/minute
cg	centigram
cgs	centimeter-gram-second
CHINT	charge-injected transistor
CIC	CEBus Industry Consortium
CID	charge-injection device
CiDSL	Consumer-installable DSL
CIE	computer-integrated engineering
CIF	Common Intermediate Format (ITU video standard)
CIIL	Common Instrument/Control Intermediate Interface Language
CIM	computer-integrated manufacturing
CISC	complex-instruction-set computing
CIX	Commercial Internet Exchange (consortium, Falls Church, VA)
CLCC	ceramic leadless chip carrier
CLIW	Customizable long instruction word
CLP	cell-loss priority (network)
cm	centimeter
cm³	cubic centimeter
CMA	ceramic multilayer actuators
CMIP	common management-information protocol
CML	current-mode logic (circuit
CMOS	complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
CMP	chip-level multiprocessing
CMR	common-mode ratio
CMRR	common-mode rejection ratio
CMS	connection-management system (communications)
CMS	customer mobility space (communications)
CMV	common-mode voltage
CMVR	common-mode voltage ratio
CMY	cyan, magenta, yellow (printing colors)
CNC	computerized numerically controlled (machine)
CNR	Communication Network Riser (card)
CO	central office (telecommunications)
COB	chip on board
Cobol	Common Business Oriented Language (software)
COCB	chip-on-chip ball (grid array) (packaging)
codec	coder/decoder (two-way communications), also sometimes defines a single-chip A/D-plus-D/A converter
codec	coder-decoder
COM	Common Object Model (software standard)
COMINT	communications intelligence
CORBA	Common Object Request Broker Architecture (of OMG)
CoS	Class of Service
COSE	Common Open Software/Systems Environment (Unix)
COTS	commercial off the shelf
CP	Customer Premises
CPA	Center for Policy Alternatives (on the Internet)
CPCI	compact peripheral-component interconnect
CPE	Customer premises equipment
CPGA	ceramic pin-grid array (IC)
cpi	characters per inch
CPIX	Common Programming Interface
CPLD	complex programmable-logic device
cps	characters per second
cps	cycles per second
CPU	central processing unit
CQFP	ceramic quad flatpack (IC)
CRC	cyclic redundancy check
CRT	cathode-ray tube
CSA	Canadian Standards Association
csc	cosecant
CSIX	Common Switch Interface
CSM	cell-site modem
CSMA/CD	carrier-sense multiple access/collision detection (LAN)
CSO	composite second order
CSP	chip-scale package
CSP	chip-sized package
CTE	coefficient of thermal expansion
CTIA	Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association
CTIA	Computing Technologies Industry Association
CTS	clear to send
CW	clockwise
CW	continuous wave
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D
DA	distributor/arbitor
D-S	direct synthesis
D/a	digital-to-analog
DAA	data-access arrangement
DAA	Direct Access Arrangement
DAB	data-acquisition board
DAB	digital-audio broadcasting
DAC	digital-to-analog converter
DAP	data-acquisition processor
DAQ	data acquisition
DARPA	Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (US government)
DAS	data-acquisition system
DAT	digital audio tape
DAV	digital audio video
Davic	Digital Audio-Visual Council
dB	decibel
dBm	dB power (acoustics)
dBm	decibel referred to 1 milliwatt
DBMS	database-management system
DBPSK	differential binary phase-shift keying (communications)
DBS	direct-broadcast satellite (TV)
DBS	digital-broadcast satellite
dBV	decibel volts
dBV	decibel referred to 1 volt
dBW	decibel referred to 1 watt
dc	direct current
dc/dc	dc to dc
DCASP	digitally controlled analog-signal processing
DCC	data-communications channel
DCC	digital compact cassette
DCDI	directional correlational deinterlacing
DCE	data-communications equipment
DCE	Distributed Computing Environment (OSF)
DCH	dedicated channel
DCI	display-control interface
DCL	delay-calculation language
DCOM	Distributed Component Object Model
DCR	digital direct converson receiver
DCS	digital communications system
DCT	discrete cosine transform
DDC	display data channel (VESA)
DDE	dynamic data exchange (software)
DDI	device-driver interface
DDN NIC	Defense Data Network, Network Information Center (Internet)
DDR	double data rate
DDS	direct digital synthesis
DDTCP	dual tape-carrier package (IC)
DECT	Digital European Cordless Telephone/Telecommunications (standard)
DEF	design-exchange format
DES	Data Encryption Standard
DESC	Defense Electronic Supply Center (Dayton, OH)
DFM	design for manufacturability
DFT	design for test
DFT	discrete Fourier transform
DIC	differential interference contrast (optical inspection)
DIE	Die Information Exchange (IC)
DIL	dual inline (IC package)
DIMM	dual inline-memory module
DIN	Deutsche Industrial Norms (German standards agency)
DINOR	dual-voltage NOR
DIP	dual in-line package
DKE	Deutsche Electrontechnische Kommission im DIN und VDE (Germany)
DLC	Digital Loop Carrier
DLL	dynamic-link library
DLL	digital delay-locked loop
DLP	digital light processing
DMA	direct-memory access
DMD	digital micromirror device (display)
DMM	digital multimeter
DMOS	double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor
DMT	discrete multitone (modulation)
DNL	differential nonlinearity (ADC performance)
DNS	domain-name system (DNC) (Internet)
DOCSIS	Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification
DOD	Department of Defense (US government)
DOE	Department of Energy (US government)
DOS	disk operating system
DPAK	small power transistor package (for surface mount)
DPCCH	dedicated physical control channel
DPCH	dedicated physical channel
DPDCH	dedicated physical data channel
dpdt	double-pole, double-throw
dpi	dots per inch
DPM	digital panel meter
DPMS	display power-management signaling (VESA standard)
DPP	digitally programmable potentiometer
dpst	double-pole, single-throw
DQPSK	differential quadrature phase-shift keying
DRAM	dynamic random-access memory
DRO	dielectric-resonator oscillator
DS	downstream
DSL	digital subscriber loop
DSLAM	DSL Access Multiplexing
DSM	deep submicron
DSM-CC	Digital Storage Media Command and Control (group)
DSO	digital-storage oscilloscope (usually describes general-purpose instruments)
DSO	digital-sampling oscilloscope (usually describes ultra-high-speed sequential-sampling instruments)
DSP	digital signal processing/processor
DSR	data set ready
DSSS	direct-sequence spread spectrum (communication)
DTAB	demountable tape-automated bonding (IC)
DTAD	digital telephone-answering device
DTE	data-termination equipment
DTI	Department of Trade and Industry (British government)
DTL	diode transistor logic
DTMF	dual tone multifrequency (communications)
DTS	Digital Theater System
DTV	digital television
DUT	device under test
DVD	digital versatile disk
DVI	digital video interactive
DVI	Digital Visual Interface
DVM	digital voltmeter
DVP	digital video processor
DWAY	DirecWay high speed internet by satellite
DWDM	dense-wavelength-division multiplexing
DWT	discrete waveform transform (video compression)
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E
E-O	electro-optical
EAN	European Article Number
EAROM	electrically alterable read-only memory
EBCDIC	extended binary-coded-decimal interchange code
EBGA	enhanced ball-grid array
EBU	European Broadcast Union
ECC	error-correction code
ECL	emitter-coupled logic
ECM	electronic countermeasure (radar)
ECN	epoxy cresol nevolac (semiconductor-case resin)
ECO	engineering change order
EDA	electronic-design automation
EDAC	error detection and correction (circuit)
EDD	enhanced disk drive
EDFA	erbium-doped fiber amplifier
EDGE	Enhanced Data GSM Environment
EDI	electronic data interchange
EDIF	Electronic Design Interoperability/Interchange Format (schematic software)
EDM	electrical-discharge machining
EDO	extended data out (computer architecture)
EDS	extended data service
EDTV	enhanced-definition digital television
EEPROM	electrically erasable PROM
EES	Escrow Encryption Standard
EFCI	Explicit forward congestion indicator
EFF	Electronic Frontier Foundation (communications standard)
EIA	Electronic Industries Association (Washington)
EIA	Environmental Industries Association
EIAJ	Electronics Industries Association of Japan
EIF	Electronics Industries Foundation
EISA	extended industry-standard architecture (PC bus)
EJTAG	enhanced JTAG
EL	electroluminescent (display)
ELF	extremely low frequency
ELINT	electronic intelligence
EMC	electromagnetic compatibility
EMDP	enhanced MDSL data pump
EMF	electromagnetic field
EMI	electromagnetic interference
EMP	electromagnetic pulse
EMS	expanded-memory specification (PC)
endec	encoder-decoder (LAN standard)
ENOB	effective number of bits (analog-to-digital conversion)
ENR	excess noise ratio
EPAC	Enhanced Perceptual Audio Coder
EPD	early packet discard
EPLD	erasable programmable-logic device
EPRI	Electric Power Research Institute
EPROM	erasable programmable read-only memory
EPS	extended Postscript (image format)
ER	explicit rate
ESD	electrostatic discharge
ESDA	electronic system design automation
ESDI	enhanced small drive/device interface
ESF	extended super-frame (communications)
ESL	equivalent series inductance
ESNUG	E-Mail Synopsys Users Group
ESR	equivalent series resistance
ESS	environmental stress screening
ESS	electronic switching system
ETC	enhanced throughput cellular (protocol)
ETDMA	extended time-division multiple access (communications)
ETF	equalized transfer function
ETS	equivalent time sampling (digital storage oscilloscope)
ETS	European Telecommunications Standard
ETSI	European Telecommunications Standards Institute (of ISO)
EUT	equipment under test
eV	electron volt
EW	electronic warfare
ExCA	Exchangeable Card Architecture
ext	extension
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F
F	Farad
f	frequency
f	femto
F	Fahrenheit
F-H	frequency hopping (communications)
F/V	frequency-to-voltage (converter)
F/V	frequency to voltage
FACT	Fairchild advanced CMOS technology
FALU	floating-point arithmetic-logic unit
FAQ	frequently asked question
FAS	frame-alignment signal (communications)
FASIC	function- and algorithm-specific integrated circuit
FAST	Fairchild advanced Schottky technology
FAST	flexible accelerated stress test
FAT	file-allocation table (digital disk format)
FC	Fibre Channel (communication)
fc	foot candle
FCA	Fibre Channel Association
FCBGA	flip-chip ball-grid array
FCC	Federal Communications Commission (Washington, DC)
FCSI	Fibre Channel Systems Initiative
FCT	fast CMOS technology
FDDI	fibre distributed data interface (communications)
FDMA	frequency-division multiple access (communications)
FDX	full-duplex (communications)
FEA	field-emitter array (display)
FEA	finite-element array
FEBE	far-end-block error (communications)
FEC	flexible etched circuits
FEC	forward error correction
FED	field-emission/emitter display
FEI	Federation of the Electronics Industry (UK)
FET	field-effect transistor
FFS	Flash File Standard (PCMCIA)
FFT	fast Fourier transform
FHSS	frequency hopping spread spectrum (communications)
FIFO	first in, first out (memory)
FIR	finite-impulse response (filter)
FISO	fast-in, slow-out (circuit)
FIT	failures in time (testing)
FIT	fault-isolation test
fL	footlambert
FLC	ferroelectric liquid crystal
FLOPS	floating-point operations per second
FM	frequency modulation
FMCW	frequency-modulated continuous wave (radar)
FMU	floating-point multiplier-divider-square-root unit
FO	fiber optic
FORTRAN	formula translation (software language)
FOV	field of view